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Delayed Hemolytic Reaction

Eight days after a packed red cell transfusion, a 52-year-old woman presents with fatigue, jaundice, and a hemoglobin drop from 9.5 to 7.2 g/dL. Direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test is positive and a new alloantibody is identified. What is the diagnosis?

a) Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
b) Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction from an anamnestic alloantibody response ✓ Correct
c) Transfusion-related acute lung injury
d) Iron overload from chronic transfusion

Key teaching point: Falling Hb + jaundice + positive DAT 5–14 days post-transfusion = delayed hemolytic reaction (new alloantibody).

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